Table of Contents

manipulation, validation and exploration of pedigrees

peddy compares familial-relationships and sexes as reported in a PED/FAM file with those inferred from a VCF.

It samples the VCF at about 25000 sites (plus chrX) to accurately estimate relatedness, IBS0, heterozygosity, sex and ancestry. It uses 2504 thousand genome samples as backgrounds to calibrate the relatedness calculation and to make ancestry predictions.

It does this very quickly by sampling, by using C for computationally intensive parts, and by parallelization.

The command-line usage looks like:

python -m peddy -p 4 --plot ceph1463.vcf.gz ceph1463.ped

This will use 4 cpus to run various checks and create ceph1463.html which you can open in any browser to interactively explore your data. Unless you have triple digit numbers of samples, using more than 4 cpus will give only marginal improvement.

It will also create create 4 csv files and 4 static QC plots that mirror those in the interactive html. These will indicate:

Finally, it will create a new file ped file ceph1463.peddy.ped that also lists the most useful columns from the het-check and sex-check. Users can first look at this extended ped file for an overview of likely problems.

The columns in the CSV output are documented in CSV Output

Static Images

This will create a number of images:

Sex Check

A sex-check assumes that males should have very few heterozygote calls on the X- chromosome and females should have relatively many. Here, we see, as expected that there are no sex issues in the CEPH cohort:

_images/ceph.sex_check.png

If there are samples with unspecified sex in the ped file, they will appear in the center of the plot as ‘unknown’.

Het Check

The het check looks for samples with higher rates of het calls, usually, this can indicate sample contamination. This plot also shows depth along the X-axis as a way to quickly check for samples with lower coverage.

_images/ceph.het_check.png

Ancestry Check

Since we know the ancestry of the thousand genomes samples we can project the current peddy input (in this case CEPH) onto the principal components of the thousand genomes samples and then predict the ancestry of incoming samples:

_images/ceph.pca_check.png

Note that, as expected all of the members of the CEPH pedigree are of ‘EUR’opean descent.

Relatedness Check

In this check, we compare the relatedness specified in the pedigree file to what is observed by the genotypes. For example, a sib-sib pair should have a relatedness coefficient of 0.5. In the plot, sample-pairs are *colored* according to their expected relatedness specified in the ped file and *located* in the plot according to their relatedness (and IBS levels) calculated from the genotypes

IBS0 is the number of sites for which the 2 samples shared 0 alleles. For parent-child pairs and IBS0 event is a (putative) de novo and so should happen very infrequently. Unrelated samples should have a relatedness of 0 and a higher IBS0.

IBS2 is the number of sites where the 2 samples are both het or both homozygous alternate.

_images/ceph.ped_check.png

CSVs

For each of those images, there is a corresponding .csv file. See CSV Output for a description of the columns.